Kidney transplantation remains the most effective treatment for end-stage chronic kidney disease, significantly improving patient survival, quality of life, and reducing long-term healthcare costs compared to maintenance hemodialysis. However, transplantology raises complex bioethical challenges that extend beyond clinical practice into legal, moral, and social domains. This study aims to analyze the main bioethical issues associated with kidney transplantation. One of the central dilemmas concerns the fair allocation of scarce medical resources, particularly ensuring equal access to expensive transplant procedures. Ethical tensions also arise between the principles of beneficence (“do good”) and non-maleficence (“do no harm”), especially in living donation and clinical experimentation. The commercialization of transplantology and the prohibition of organ trade are critical issues, as donation is fundamentally based on voluntariness and altruism rather than financial exchange. Another pressing concern involves the regulation of posthumous donation, where different legal systems adopt either presumed consent or presumed refusal models. These approaches reflect varying societal attitudes toward autonomy and state authority. Emerging technologies, including xenotransplantation and 3D bioprinting of organs, introduce new ethical dimensions related to human identity, bodily integrity, and potential dehumanization, as highlighted by contemporary philosophical discourse. Addressing these bioethical challenges is essential to ensure that kidney transplantation remains safe, equitable, and socially responsible while adapting to rapid scientific and technological advancements.

Authors:
Kamol Saydazimov, Tashkent State Medical University, Uzbekistan
Bobur Kuyliyev, Tashkent State Medical University, Uzbekistan

About the Presenter(s)
Rasulev Yorkin. Teacher in the Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Hemodialysis at Tashkent State Medical University, and physician in the Cardiology Department at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center.

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https://www.linkedin.com/in/yorkin-rasulev-147bbb21a

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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yorqin-Rasulev/publications

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